fix: 修复告警上报字段缺失和 MQTT 连接不稳定

- AlertInfo.to_dict() 补充 bind_id、device_id、algorithm 字段
- AlertInfo 新增 device_id 和 algorithm 属性
- MQTTConfig 新增 device_id 配置项（环境变量 EDGE_DEVICE_ID）
- main.py 创建 AlertInfo 时传入 device_id 和 algorithm
- 心跳上报使用配置的 device_id 代替硬编码字符串
- MQTT 协议从 MQTTv5 降级为 MQTTv311 提高兼容性
- MQTT client_id 添加随机后缀防止冲突

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

config/settings.py

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ class MQTTConfig:
     broker_host: str = "localhost"
     broker_port: int = 1883
     client_id: str = "edge_inference_service"
+    device_id: str = "edge-001"
     username: Optional[str] = None
     password: Optional[str] = None
     keepalive: int = 60
@@ -82,6 +83,21 @@ class InferenceConfig:
     fp16_mode: bool = True
 
 
+# COCO 数据集类别名称（YOLO 模型使用）
+COCO_CLASS_NAMES = [
+    "person", "bicycle", "car", "motorcycle", "airplane", "bus", "train", "truck", "boat",
+    "traffic light", "fire hydrant", "stop sign", "parking meter", "bench", "bird", "cat",
+    "dog", "horse", "sheep", "cow", "elephant", "bear", "zebra", "giraffe", "backpack",
+    "umbrella", "handbag", "tie", "suitcase", "frisbee", "skis", "snowboard", "sports ball",
+    "kite", "baseball bat", "baseball glove", "skateboard", "surfboard", "tennis racket",
+    "bottle", "wine glass", "cup", "fork", "knife", "spoon", "bowl", "banana", "apple",
+    "sandwich", "orange", "broccoli", "carrot", "hot dog", "pizza", "donut", "cake",
+    "chair", "couch", "potted plant", "bed", "dining table", "toilet", "tv", "laptop",
+    "mouse", "remote", "keyboard", "cell phone", "microwave", "oven", "toaster", "sink",
+    "refrigerator", "book", "clock", "vase", "scissors", "teddy bear", "hair drier", "toothbrush"
+]
+
+
 @dataclass
 class CameraConfig:
     """单个摄像头配置"""
@@ -146,6 +162,7 @@ class Settings:
             broker_host=os.getenv("MQTT_BROKER_HOST", "localhost"),
             broker_port=int(os.getenv("MQTT_BROKER_PORT", "1883")),
             client_id=os.getenv("MQTT_CLIENT_ID", "edge_inference_service"),
+            device_id=os.getenv("EDGE_DEVICE_ID", "edge-001"),
             username=os.getenv("MQTT_USERNAME"),
             password=os.getenv("MQTT_PASSWORD"),
         )
@@ -170,6 +187,9 @@ class Settings:
         self.log_file_backup_count = int(os.getenv("LOG_FILE_BACKUP_COUNT", "5"))
         
         self.working_hours = self._parse_working_hours()
+
+        # 使用 COCO 类别名称
+        self.class_names = COCO_CLASS_NAMES
     
     def _parse_working_hours(self) -> List[dict]:
         """解析工作时间配置"""