fix: 修复告警上报字段缺失和 MQTT 连接不稳定

- AlertInfo.to_dict() 补充 bind_id、device_id、algorithm 字段
- AlertInfo 新增 device_id 和 algorithm 属性
- MQTTConfig 新增 device_id 配置项（环境变量 EDGE_DEVICE_ID）
- main.py 创建 AlertInfo 时传入 device_id 和 algorithm
- 心跳上报使用配置的 device_id 代替硬编码字符串
- MQTT 协议从 MQTTv5 降级为 MQTTv311 提高兼容性
- MQTT client_id 添加随机后缀防止冲突

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

core/result_reporter.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import json
 import logging
 import threading
 import time
+import uuid
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ class AlertInfo:
     roi_id: str
     alert_type: str
     bind_id: Optional[str] = None
+    device_id: Optional[str] = None
+    algorithm: Optional[str] = None
     target_class: Optional[str] = None
     confidence: Optional[float] = None
     bbox: Optional[List[float]] = field(default_factory=list)
@@ -39,14 +42,17 @@ class AlertInfo:
     screenshot: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
     timestamp: datetime = field(default_factory=datetime.now)
     duration_minutes: Optional[float] = None
-    
+
     def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """转换为字典"""
+        """转换为字典（发送到告警平台的 MQTT 消息格式）"""
         return {
             "alert_id": self.alert_id,
             "camera_id": self.camera_id,
             "roi_id": self.roi_id,
+            "bind_id": self.bind_id,
+            "device_id": self.device_id,
             "alert_type": self.alert_type,
+            "algorithm": self.algorithm,
             "target_class": self.target_class,
             "confidence": self.confidence,
             "bbox": self.bbox,
@@ -110,19 +116,22 @@ class ResultReporter:
         """初始化MQTT客户端"""
         self._logger.info(f"正在连接 MQTT: {self._mqtt_broker}:{self._mqtt_port}")
         try:
+            # 给 client_id 添加随机后缀，防止冲突
+            unique_client_id = f"{self._mqtt_client_id}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+
             # 兼容不同版本的 paho-mqtt
             try:
                 # paho-mqtt 2.0+ 版本
                 self._client = mqtt.Client(
-                    client_id=self._mqtt_client_id,
-                    protocol=mqtt.MQTTv5,
+                    client_id=unique_client_id,
+                    protocol=mqtt.MQTTv311,
                     callback_api_version=mqtt.CallbackAPIVersion.VERSION2
                 )
             except (AttributeError, TypeError):
                 # paho-mqtt 1.x 版本
                 self._client = mqtt.Client(
-                    client_id=self._mqtt_client_id,
-                    protocol=mqtt.MQTTv5
+                    client_id=unique_client_id,
+                    protocol=mqtt.MQTTv311
                 )
 
             self._client.on_connect = self._on_connect